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Structure
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National Congress
Composed of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, the National Congress has, within the federal sphere, the roles of legislating and supervising. The Federal Senate is responsible for representing the Brazilian States. Each Federal Unit and the Federal District elect three senators, in the total of 81, elected to an eight-year term. In one election, one third of the senators are selected and, in the following one, the other two thirds.
The Senate is headed by the Board of Directors, elected by the members of the Parliament at every two years. The Board, composed of the President, two vice-presidents, four secretaries and four deputy secretaries, is responsible for conducting the High Court of Parliament – the highest body and the last instance of all decisions – and also for administrating the Parliament.
The President of the Senate also presides the Congress when the two chambers gather to vote the provisional presidential decrees, presidential vetoes, budget proposals and for the President of the Republic’s inaugural ceremony, among other acts. Besides the High Court of Parliament, the Senate has permanent and temporary commissions, which analyze and discuss specific themes with the population.
The Chamber of Deputies discuss the approval of proposals related to the economic and social areas, besides supervising the use of the funds collected with the population (through the payment of taxes). The total number of representatives, as well as the representation per state and the Federal District, must be established by a complementary law, proportionally to the population.
None of the Federal Units can have less than eight or more than seventy representatives, and the total number cannot exceed 513. In addition to the minimum number of representatives, the law establishes that each Federal Territory be represented by four federal representatives.
