Biome is the set of types of vegetation present in large continuous areas with similar flora and fauna. Its aspects of climatic and geographical boundaries (of rocks), for example, results in each biome having a natural biological diversity, in itself.

The Brazilian Amazon is the largest biome in Brazil and has the largest reserve of biodiversity in the world. It is dominated by hot and humid climate; vegetation usually consists of tall trees. The Cerrado biome covers 22% of Brazilian territory and it is dominated by formations of savanna and hot sub-humid tropical climate.

The biome is a complex environment that includes mountain ranges, valleys, plateaus and plains, its main vegetation consists of tall trees related to a hot and humid climate. The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome and occupies just over 10% of the country. The dry climate, the light and warmth characteristic of tropical Caatinga areas result in a thorny vegetation.

Present only in Rio Grande do Sul, the Pampa is marked by a rainy climate without dry season and regular polar fronts and freezing temperatures in winter. The predominant vegetation consists of herbs and shrubs. Finally, the Pantanal is a biome characterized by floods of long duration and its predominant vegetation is the savannah.

See the map and learn more about each biome here

Source:

IBGE (content in portuguese)
Ministry of Environmet (content in portuguese)